Security Manager Role Essay Example

Security Manager Role Paper Security Manager Role To understand the role(s) of a Security Manager, a person must know what security is and what it means to an organization. According to Ortmeier, â€Å"security may be defined as a public or private service-related activity that provides personnel, equipment, and creates policies and procedures designed to prevent or reduce losses. These losses, caused by criminal action as well as by noncriminal events resulting from human error, emergencies, man-made and natural disasters, and business intelligence collection by competitors†. 2009). Security takes into account all actions and objectives intended to meet asset safeguard goals to make certain that security problems do not occur. Management of security is defined as multifaceted and interdisciplinary. Security for an organization includes the use of criminal and civil law, inspections, sleuthing, profiling, business management, strategy proposals, psychology, sociology, and technology to shield persons and property. A security manager’s role varies, according to the organizational structure. A security manager takes on managerial, administrative, preventative, and investigative responsibilities and functions. The Managerial Role The security personnel’s managerial role, as stated by Ortmeier would entail the selection, training, scheduling, supervising, and the evaluation of security personnel. In addition to the aforesaid, the role of manager includes the responsibilities of productivity and improvements, morale, compensation, the employee’s welfare, attitudes, and expectations (2009). The Administrative Role Security manager’s administrative role encompasses the formation of the security’s organizational vision, mission, goals, and objectives. The security manager decides how the security operation should be set up and who will perform the security-related tasks. These managers also decide if security will be kept in-house or out-sourced or have a combination of the two. The Preventive Role The security manager’s preventive role necessitates the accountability for the prevention of loss from any source. The ultimate goal of the security anager is to distinguish what are or can be problems and to diminish or prevent the risk from occurring. The Investigative Role The security manager is not a public police officer. Security personnel are specially trained in security services not in law enforcement. The security manager’s knowledge in this area includes intelligence gathering capabilities and investigative skills. Information Technology Security Managers Inform ation technology security managers are the keepers of confidential information. We will write a custom essay sample on Security Manager Role specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Security Manager Role specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Security Manager Role specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Open Guide states that information security refers to confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The mission of IT security managers is to prevent any breach of IT services and data within the organizational requirements at acceptable cost. In todays economy with all of the hacking and stealing of information, the IT department and the security department need each other. The IT department is the protector of information and the security department is the protector of lives and assets. The company’s information is an asset in one form or another, either electronic or written. Hardcopy and electronic information needs to be protected from theft. If electronic information is backed up in any form, it has to be kept safe and secure in a location that can be accessed at a later time, if needed. Security personnel need to know where the information is to be located so that a security plan can be put into place to secure said information. If backups need to be moved, security can be on hand to transfer information, whether it is down the hall or to another location (2011). Airline Security Managers According to Powers, who wrote the job description for an airline security manager says that, the airline security manager’s purpose is to provide the supervision of the airline’s operational security functions and to make certain that the airline is conforming to current and future requirements of the Federal Transportation Security Administration (TSA). The manager must also manage tasks that will guarantee the safety of the public and the security personnel. Duties required on daily include: †¢continual monitoring of the airport’s security status, †¢identifying any potential current or future problems, †¢analyze security and inspection reports to ensure that all TSA compliances are met, †¢notifying TSA of any changes or problems that may require federal assistance, †¢address and correct any issue that does not meet standard security procedures, †¢interview any potentially new employee, †¢hire new employee(s), †¢instruct new employee(s) Airline security managers must be knowledgeable of public safety and security in an airport setting, discern how to use all security equipment and procedures, be familiar with all local, state, and federal airport security requirements and be aware of any new legislation. This manager must also have skills in administrative, monetary planning and analysis, understand how to use computers, software programs and technology, and recognize how to react in a large crisis situation or disaster (2011). Private Security Managers As stated by Writing, a private security manager’s role is to prepare and direct security operation systems and programs while providing safety to an organization or facility. The planning, management, and reporting are the core responsibilities of this position. Duties required on daily include: †¢analyzing statistics and information to ensure a safe and secure work environment †¢identifying weaknesses in building security and acting to resolve them †¢set into place security policies and procedures and implement them †¢revise any existing protocol(s) that may need updated or done away with †¢hire security guard personnel take steps necessary to ensure the building is safe and secure †¢consult with management in making any improvements or executing any security standards that comply with state and federal regulations †¢be familiar with federal and state laws to ensure compliance within any industry †¢develop unique programs to instruct p ersonnel and employees †¢lead, teach, and communicate with employees and security personnel †¢write reports and reviews †¢recommend employees for raises or termination Private security managers have more restricted rights than police officers, depending on the state law, in regard to holding people and carrying weapons. Many security personnel do not carry firearms, but if required, a concealed weapons permit would need to be acquired from that jurisdiction (2011). Public Facility Security Managers As stated by Amico, who describes the duties of a security manager, public facility security managers handle the security in businesses such as nightclubs, museums, office buildings and other public facilities. The security manager’s job is to make sure that the property is safe and secure and that everyone on the grounds has the legal right to be there, such as the nightclubs and persons underage trying to obtain admission. Duties required on daily basis include: †¢protect lives and protect the property of the client †¢maintain order among patrons and deal with unruly patrons †¢know how to handle adverse situations †¢preventing theft or vandalism †¢protecting the building(s) or vehicles †¢be alert to any suspicious activity †¢know how to react to threats or disasters supervise staff †¢hire and train guards †¢know how to use force when needed and how much force to use †¢know when to call in backup from the local police department or paramedics The majority of public facility security managers need to be at least 21 especially to work in a nightclub. Security managers in these areas need to use common sense and good judgment, like the nightclub scene and teenagers trying to pass off fake identification. A good number of security managers have spent time as guards before gaining a promotion into a managerial position (2011). Security Guard Roles According to Ray, security guards are not police officers and do not have the same duties and responsibilities. Security guards are in the prevention business, and it is their job to operate as an impediment to crime, watch for looming danger and report crimes that they may come across. Guards should be alert and visible at all times. Some thefts, damage, and injuries can be prevented when a criminal spots a guard. A guard is required to record events, take down license plate numbers and recall features to report the discoveries to the authorities. Security guards should have access to a phone or radio at all times to report any irregular activity or crime in progress, or to call for backup. A few guards are required to check badges of employees and visitors, or to check the bags of the employees and visitor’s leaving the facility (2011). Conclusion The role of a security manager varies from organization to organization, but in every case the most important task is to be a protector. The security manager of any business has two main goals: to promote a safe and secure environment for employees and visitors and to prevent loss of any kind. A security manager has many hats to wear but needs to assume simultaneously all roles of being a manager, administrator, trainer, referee, preventer/protector and investigator. Security managers need to work with other departments, keeping communication lines open, to promote a safe and secure environment. In an organization that keeps any kind of data, the security manager needs to know where the information is to be stored, so that a security plan can be put into place to secure said documents. All security managers need to be knowledgeable in their city, state, and federal laws that pertain to their workstation and be aware of any new legislative requirements that the company needs to be in compliance with. When problems arise the security manager needs be able to take care of the problem or if the situation calls for it, to call in backup. If a security manager cannot fulfill their role or fails to satisfy his or her job requirement the organization: †¢can be sued and dragged into court, †¢the company name can be slandered, †¢someone can be terribly hurt or killed, or †¢the company can lose assets Should any of the above occur the organization will lose business. In this case, the security managers in a position of being reprimanded and terminated for the lack of promoting a safe and secure premise and preventing loss of assets. References Amico, S. (2011). Security Managers Duties. Retrieved from http://www. ehow. com/print/list_6185215_security-manager_s-duties. html Open Guide. (2011). IT Security Management.. Retrieved from http://www. itlibrary. org/index. php? page=IT_Security_Management Ortmeier, P. J. (2009). Introduction to security operations and management (3rd ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Retrieved from University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Powers, J. (2011). Airline Security Manager Job Description. Retrieved from http://www. ehow. com/about_6326581_airline-security-manager-job-description. html Ray, L. (2011). Job Duties Responsibilities of a Security Guard. Retrieved from http://www. ehow. com/print/facts_4925183_job-duties-responsibilities-security-guard. html Writing, A. (2011). Responsibilities of a Private Security Manager. Retrieved from http://www. ehow. com/list_6023354_responsibilities-private-security-manager. html Security Manager Role Essay Example Security Manager Role Paper Security Manager Role To understand the role(s) of a Security Manager, a person must know what security is and what it means to an organization. According to Ortmeier, â€Å"security may be defined as a public or private service-related activity that provides personnel, equipment, and creates policies and procedures designed to prevent or reduce losses. These losses, caused by criminal action as well as by noncriminal events resulting from human error, emergencies, man-made and natural disasters, and business intelligence collection by competitors†. 2009). Security takes into account all actions and objectives intended to meet asset safeguard goals to make certain that security problems do not occur. Management of security is defined as multifaceted and interdisciplinary. Security for an organization includes the use of criminal and civil law, inspections, sleuthing, profiling, business management, strategy proposals, psychology, sociology, and technology to shield persons and property. A security manager’s role varies, according to the organizational structure. A security manager takes on managerial, administrative, preventative, and investigative responsibilities and functions. The Managerial Role The security personnel’s managerial role, as stated by Ortmeier would entail the selection, training, scheduling, supervising, and the evaluation of security personnel. In addition to the aforesaid, the role of manager includes the responsibilities of productivity and improvements, morale, compensation, the employee’s welfare, attitudes, and expectations (2009). The Administrative Role Security manager’s administrative role encompasses the formation of the security’s organizational vision, mission, goals, and objectives. The security manager decides how the security operation should be set up and who will perform the security-related tasks. These managers also decide if security will be kept in-house or out-sourced or have a combination of the two. The Preventive Role The security manager’s preventive role necessitates the accountability for the prevention of loss from any source. The ultimate goal of the security anager is to distinguish what are or can be problems and to diminish or prevent the risk from occurring. The Investigative Role The security manager is not a public police officer. Security personnel are specially trained in security services not in law enforcement. The security manager’s knowledge in this area includes intelligence gathering capabilities and investigative skills. Information Technology Security Managers Inform ation technology security managers are the keepers of confidential information. We will write a custom essay sample on Security Manager Role specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Security Manager Role specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Security Manager Role specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Open Guide states that information security refers to confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The mission of IT security managers is to prevent any breach of IT services and data within the organizational requirements at acceptable cost. In todays economy with all of the hacking and stealing of information, the IT department and the security department need each other. The IT department is the protector of information and the security department is the protector of lives and assets. The company’s information is an asset in one form or another, either electronic or written. Hardcopy and electronic information needs to be protected from theft. If electronic information is backed up in any form, it has to be kept safe and secure in a location that can be accessed at a later time, if needed. Security personnel need to know where the information is to be located so that a security plan can be put into place to secure said information. If backups need to be moved, security can be on hand to transfer information, whether it is down the hall or to another location (2011). Airline Security Managers According to Powers, who wrote the job description for an airline security manager says that, the airline security manager’s purpose is to provide the supervision of the airline’s operational security functions and to make certain that the airline is conforming to current and future requirements of the Federal Transportation Security Administration (TSA). The manager must also manage tasks that will guarantee the safety of the public and the security personnel. Duties required on daily include: †¢continual monitoring of the airport’s security status, †¢identifying any potential current or future problems, †¢analyze security and inspection reports to ensure that all TSA compliances are met, †¢notifying TSA of any changes or problems that may require federal assistance, †¢address and correct any issue that does not meet standard security procedures, †¢interview any potentially new employee, †¢hire new employee(s), †¢instruct new employee(s) Airline security managers must be knowledgeable of public safety and security in an airport setting, discern how to use all security equipment and procedures, be familiar with all local, state, and federal airport security requirements and be aware of any new legislation. This manager must also have skills in administrative, monetary planning and analysis, understand how to use computers, software programs and technology, and recognize how to react in a large crisis situation or disaster (2011). Private Security Managers As stated by Writing, a private security manager’s role is to prepare and direct security operation systems and programs while providing safety to an organization or facility. The planning, management, and reporting are the core responsibilities of this position. Duties required on daily include: †¢analyzing statistics and information to ensure a safe and secure work environment †¢identifying weaknesses in building security and acting to resolve them †¢set into place security policies and procedures and implement them †¢revise any existing protocol(s) that may need updated or done away with †¢hire security guard personnel take steps necessary to ensure the building is safe and secure †¢consult with management in making any improvements or executing any security standards that comply with state and federal regulations †¢be familiar with federal and state laws to ensure compliance within any industry †¢develop unique programs to instruct p ersonnel and employees †¢lead, teach, and communicate with employees and security personnel †¢write reports and reviews †¢recommend employees for raises or termination Private security managers have more restricted rights than police officers, depending on the state law, in regard to holding people and carrying weapons. Many security personnel do not carry firearms, but if required, a concealed weapons permit would need to be acquired from that jurisdiction (2011). Public Facility Security Managers As stated by Amico, who describes the duties of a security manager, public facility security managers handle the security in businesses such as nightclubs, museums, office buildings and other public facilities. The security manager’s job is to make sure that the property is safe and secure and that everyone on the grounds has the legal right to be there, such as the nightclubs and persons underage trying to obtain admission. Duties required on daily basis include: †¢protect lives and protect the property of the client †¢maintain order among patrons and deal with unruly patrons †¢know how to handle adverse situations †¢preventing theft or vandalism †¢protecting the building(s) or vehicles †¢be alert to any suspicious activity †¢know how to react to threats or disasters supervise staff †¢hire and train guards †¢know how to use force when needed and how much force to use †¢know when to call in backup from the local police department or paramedics The majority of public facility security managers need to be at least 21 especially to work in a nightclub. Security managers in these areas need to use common sense and good judgment, like the nightclub scene and teenagers trying to pass off fake identification. A good number of security managers have spent time as guards before gaining a promotion into a managerial position (2011). Security Guard Roles According to Ray, security guards are not police officers and do not have the same duties and responsibilities. Security guards are in the prevention business, and it is their job to operate as an impediment to crime, watch for looming danger and report crimes that they may come across. Guards should be alert and visible at all times. Some thefts, damage, and injuries can be prevented when a criminal spots a guard. A guard is required to record events, take down license plate numbers and recall features to report the discoveries to the authorities. Security guards should have access to a phone or radio at all times to report any irregular activity or crime in progress, or to call for backup. A few guards are required to check badges of employees and visitors, or to check the bags of the employees and visitor’s leaving the facility (2011). Conclusion The role of a security manager varies from organization to organization, but in every case the most important task is to be a protector. The security manager of any business has two main goals: to promote a safe and secure environment for employees and visitors and to prevent loss of any kind. A security manager has many hats to wear but needs to assume simultaneously all roles of being a manager, administrator, trainer, referee, preventer/protector and investigator. Security managers need to work with other departments, keeping communication lines open, to promote a safe and secure environment. In an organization that keeps any kind of data, the security manager needs to know where the information is to be stored, so that a security plan can be put into place to secure said documents. All security managers need to be knowledgeable in their city, state, and federal laws that pertain to their workstation and be aware of any new legislative requirements that the company needs to be in compliance with. When problems arise the security manager needs be able to take care of the problem or if the situation calls for it, to call in backup. If a security manager cannot fulfill their role or fails to satisfy his or her job requirement the organization: †¢can be sued and dragged into court, †¢the company name can be slandered, †¢someone can be terribly hurt or killed, or †¢the company can lose assets Should any of the above occur the organization will lose business. In this case, the security managers in a position of being reprimanded and terminated for the lack of promoting a safe and secure premise and preventing loss of assets. References Amico, S. (2011). Security Managers Duties. Retrieved from http://www. ehow. com/print/list_6185215_security-manager_s-duties. html Open Guide. (2011). IT Security Management.. Retrieved from http://www. itlibrary. org/index. php? page=IT_Security_Management Ortmeier, P. J. (2009). Introduction to security operations and management (3rd ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Retrieved from University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Powers, J. (2011). Airline Security Manager Job Description. Retrieved from http://www. ehow. com/about_6326581_airline-security-manager-job-description. html Ray, L. (2011). Job Duties Responsibilities of a Security Guard. Retrieved from http://www. ehow. com/print/facts_4925183_job-duties-responsibilities-security-guard. html Writing, A. (2011). Responsibilities of a Private Security Manager. Retrieved from http://www. ehow. com/list_6023354_responsibilities-private-security-manager. html

How to Grow Epsom Salt Crystals

How to Grow Epsom Salt Crystals You can find Epsom salts (magnesium sulfate) in the laundry and pharmacy sections of most stores. Epsom salt crystals are safe to handle, easy to grow and form quickly. You can grow clear crystals or add food coloring if you prefer. Heres what you need to know to make your own crystals. Difficulty: Easy Epsom Salt Crystal Materials 1/4 cup Epsom salts (magnesium sulfate)1/2 cup watershallow bowl or dishsponge (optional)food coloring (optional) Heres How Boil the water in a microwave or on the stove.Remove the water from heat and add the Epsom salts. Stir the mixture until the salt is fully dissolved. If desired, add food coloring.If you have floating sediment (common if using impure Epsom salt), you can pour the liquid through a coffee filter to remove it. Use the liquid to grow the crystals and discard the coffee filter.Pour the mixture over a piece of sponge (optional) or into a shallow container. You need just enough liquid to cover the bottom of the container.For larger crystals, place the container in a warm or sunny location. Crystals will form as the water evaporates. For fast crystals (which will be smaller and delicate-looking), cool the liquid quickly by placing the container in the refrigerator. Cooling the crystals produces thin needles within half an hour. Tips The sponge provides an extra surface area to allow the crystals to form more quickly and helps make them a bit easier to view and handle.Compare the appearance of the Epsom salts before stirring them into the water with the appearance of the crystals that are produced.

Intro to Mgt Syst Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Intro to Mgt Syst - Assignment Example By instituting privacy policies in information systems, organizations can safeguard personal information of their employees and customers from access and manipulation by ill-motivated individuals. There are several human and technological protective measures that can be used to safeguard and enforce privacy in information systems. Some of the most operative and widely used mechanisms include encryption, data masking, and authentication. Kim and Solomon (2012) define encryption as the process of encoding information and/or messages in such a manner that only the authorized parties can access or read it. The process involves encrypting plaintext with an encryption algorithm to generate the cipher text that is only readable if decrypted. Therefore, any interceptor of the message cannot access it unless they provide the encryption key which is provided by the originator of the information (Kim & Solomon, 2012). Data masking, on the other hand, refer to the process of hiding the original data with random characters to prevent classified personal data from access by unauthorized persons (Rainer & Cegielski, 2012). Data masking aims at protecting the actual data by having a function al substitute when the real data is not required. Authentication is another measure that can be taken by determining whether something or someone is what he or she declares to be. Authentication in information systems is attained through the use of logon passwords and pin numbers (Kim & Solomon, 2012). There are several problems related to management information systems that arise from privacy of information. One of the most common problems is security breaches, which emanate as a result of hackers and viruses. Today, most organizations store their data on remote cloud servers accessible with a username and the appropriate password (Kim & Solomon, 2012). However, there is a higher risk of losing the data through viruses, hijackers, and wrong-minded

See below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

See below - Essay Example According to Feldman, individual rights must be balanced against social goals3 and he views human rights as being linked to the conditions necessary for a democracy; human rights â€Å"help to establish the conditions of free speech, tolerance, equality and mutual respect for people’s dignity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 4 Locke lays the foundation of a civil society upon the premise that people surrender their natural freedoms to a system of common laws in order that they receive the protection of the Government and it is this system of laws that restrains them from harming others to enforce their natural laws.5 In the aftermath of World War II and the Nazi atrocities, it was Winston Churchill who first pressed for â€Å"the environment of human rights† which led to the drafting and implementation of the Universal Convention of Human Rights.6 The Preamble to the Convention establishes â€Å"recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family† as the basis upon which its Articles are founded.7 There are 30 separate articles, all of which spell out the basic rights that are meant to be accessible to every individual, irrespective of the country to which he or she belongs8. The aim and objective of this dissertation is to examine the execution of human rights law and its application through the various regional instruments that have been spelt out in different parts of the world. This dissertation will also examine violations in human rights that have been taking place and how best such violations may be prevented. It will attempt to assess whether human rights are best protected on a universal, regional or national basis, from the point of view of the framework of the law and its execution. The Methodology that is proposed in this study is primarily a library based research effort that will examine existing international law and the developments in execution of human rights over the globe.

Corporate Governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Corporate Governance - Essay Example Certainly, in spite of its characteristic past origins and its shortcomings, it is evidently coming out as the global benchmark. However, queries of institutional shifts are untimely. It is worth noting that towards the end of the 20th century, the German and Japanese models of corporate governance was most preferred in the world, and it served as the worlds best from 1990-early 2000 (Goergen, Manjon & Renneboog 2008). Experts believed in the bank-centered association capitalistic approach to deal with the social disturbance brought about by the American narrow-minded shareholder orientation. The intrinsic worthiness of "Toyotaism" and the exemplary performance of some of the Asian economies and business establishments that emulated the German and Japanese corporate framework influenced the business reporters to herald the surfacing of the Anglo-American method of control Keiretsu (Wood 1991; Herbig & Shao 1994). The reports stated that unregulated Anglo-Saxon capitalistic mode of corporate governance is encountering challenges in dealing with the current situation. They therefore argued that the American bus iness organizations ought to have been supported to institute Keiretsu-like groupings that insulated the management from mid-term to short-term business and stock market forces devoid of developing them into ineffectual managers (Lincoln, Gerlach & Ahmadjian 1996). In summary, the most prolific economies were successful due to their corporate governance frameworks, at times referred to as communitarian or association capitalism. They subdued the signs from intolerant economic markets and promoted collaboration among business corporate organizations and their suppliers, contrary to what the American framework of investing capitalists. Certainly, agreeing on which evaluator of performance to employ and what period to concentrate on results to divergent

The Strength of Weak Ties by Granovetter | Review

The Strength of Weak Ties by Granovetter | Review This paper is a critical review of the popular article The Strength of Weak Ties by Mark S. Granovetter (1973). After an introduction to the paper at hand and a summary of the texts main points, a closer look at some of the premises on which the author builds his arguments is taken as well as examining the arguments themselves. Followed by that, the articles major contributions to the field of civic networks and social capital and its importance in this realm especially for the contemporary society are examined. Finally, I will conclude by summing up the points and highlighting the significance of the article. Introduction Mark S. Granovetters article The Strength of Weak Ties (1973) is one of the highly influential and most cited works of our times. By emphasizing a part of social networks which had hitherto been neglected, the author clearly caused a stir (not only) within the scientific community of sociology and social sciences. Granovetter is a contemporary sociologist and professor in the school of humanities and sciences at Stanford University. His main fields of interest are Economic Sociology, Social Stratification and Sociological Theory. Contributing to these realms, he published several articles and books. Here, we will focus on the input he gives through the paper cited above. Summary In his renowned and influential paper The Strength of Weak Ties (1973), Mark Granovetter makes a basic distinction between the respective functions of strong and weak ties and points especially to the importance of the latter. He defines the strength of a tie by the combination of time spent together, the emotional intensity, the intimacy and the reciprocal services (p. 1361) present in a particular relationship. He states that the stronger a tie between two individuals, the higher is the proportion of common friends due to three main factors: the time committed to each of ones friendships, similarities that connect friends and the logic of Heiders cognitive balance theory which serves as explanation why the combination of a positive relationship between person A and person B as well as between A and person C will most probably result in a positive relationship between B and C (1958). Concluding from these statements, he points out that only weak ties connect one group of people (fri ends) and another, as strong ties already imply an overlap between two groups. Relationships that are the only connecting point between two groups are bridges or if a tie is not the only but the shortest connection between members of different groups local bridges (p.1364). According to Granovetter, in the process of diffusion of e.g. new ideas or concepts these bridges play an essential role as they allow for the spread of an idea from one group to another. The author presents a set of studies that demonstrate how new ideas spread (most rapidly) through people with few strong but several weak ties. This seems to be especially so if the idea introduced is rather unconventional and deviating from a certain norm and the spread of which requires a considerable degree of freedom from peer pressure. After clarifying the overall importance of weak ties, Granovetter takes a closer look at their significance on two levels: the individual and the community level. He explains that for the individual, the maintenance of weak ties (e.g. former working colleagues) is crucial as those are usually bridges that provide access to groups of people and to information that one would otherwise not be able to obtain. For the community, on the other hand, bridges are essential in order to prevent pure clique building which would inhibit community cohesion and hinder collective action. Weaknesses of the argumentation Not without any reason is Granovetters The Strength of Weak Ties considered a highly influential and important paper. In contrast to many other sociologists writing about social theories or social capital, Granovetter makes a clear distinction between interpersonal (strong ties) and mere transaction (weak ties) relationships and he adheres with it throughout his argument an important step that many sociological argumentations around social capital lack. There are, however, a number of weaknesses in his argument which I will outline in the following. One of the premises he builds his argument on, is that the proportion of overlapping friendship circles of two individual is related to the strength of these individuals tie. Thus, a weak relationship between two people implies that there are only few common friends or acquaintances. This, however, does not have to be true. Take former class mates as an example: Person A and person B were class mates several years ago, but nowadays they are only in loose contact, they thus have a weak tie. However, each of them does have an approximately equally strong tie to most of the people from the former class. Hence, there is an overlap of acquaintances even though they are only very weakly bonded to each other. Furthermore, a friendship that developed over a longer period of time may remain a very strong one even if the two individuals involved do not see each other frequently anymore. This would then imply that there is a strong tie between the two friends but obviously not very much overlap of their friendship circles where they live. This facet becomes ever more important with new communication technologies evolving, which facilitate keeping contact despite spatial separation, and the general globalization which leads to ever more people changing their location more easily and more frequently. Hence, the definition of the strength of a tie, though quite precise at first sight, does not cover every kind of tie and is thus not completely comprehensive. Another premise Granovetter states is that due to the similarity which friends usually share it is very likely that if person A is a friend of person B and of person C, then B and C do become friends, too. If one always chooses ones friends because they have much in common can be doubted, though. Not without cause is the proverb opposites attract so well known and often used. Often people tend to feel comfortable around someone that is different in his personality and character, this being an anti-pole to ones own weaknesses and strengths. Thus, the similarity that the author implies here rather refers to sharing an interest in or commitment to something, be it in the labour world or common hobbies. However, if A likes B because of their perpetual discussions about politics and A is a friend of C because of their shared passion for soccer, B and C are not necessarily likely to build a deep friendship as well. When writing strong ties lead to overall fragmentation (p.1378), Granovetter clearly underestimates the importance of strong ties. His paper is unique in emphasizing a thitherto neglected part of human interaction. Nevertheless, strong ties build the basis for any kind of trust to evolve, which again is a main component of social capital and community cohesion. A person who does not have any intimate relationships will have a hard time trusting people. Now, one could state that everyone is bonded in at least one strong relationship and hence, this remark is redundant. However, nowadays the number of weak ties people have is increasing steadily as online platforms such as facebook allow for an easy way of handling the climbing number of relationships. Still, these relationships do demand some input to remain present and thus it can be questioned if people still invest in their strong ties or if the number and intensity of friendships is declining in recent years. What one can be sure about, though, is that for community cohesion to evolve and remain, both weak and strong ties are needed, rather that seeing strong ties as a threat to social cohesion. Last, one can question if the generalization of the importance of weak ties is legitimate. It may, very well be the case that they facilitate the spread and diffusion of and thus gives access to information that one could otherwise not obtain. This function (enhancement of diffusion) is, however, one that does not require reliance on the vis-ÃÆ'ÂÂ  -vis one interacts with. Take the example of an old colleague telling a person about a job offer. This widens the job seekers horizon but he does not have to rely on this single job offer. Here, weak ties fulfil their function beautifully. As soon as something is at stake, though, one has to doubt that people would still make extensive usage of weak ties. Here, they would rather rely on someone they know and well enough to be sure that he can be trusted. This holds true not only for interpersonal issues but also in a mere trade relation. Strengths and contributions of the article Nevertheless, one can not possibly question the importance of this article. One major contribution is a solution to the threat of an in-group bias that may occur: As recently found out in a study by Hooghe, Reeskens, Stolle and Tappers, generalized trust, which furthers social cohesion and is a core component of social capital, develops more easily and in greater amplitude within homogenous groups whereas heterogeneity of a group decreases it (2009). These findings bring along some troublesome issues: How can collective action and social cohesion take place in heterogeneous societies? Naturally, heterogeneous groups will divide into subgroups which can lead to fragmentation. With the linkages, the bridges, between these groups, the threat of fragmentation and a resulting lack of participation in public life can be allayed. Furthermore, it clearly gives the basis for several important publications not only in the fields of civic networks and social capital. Richard Floridas The Rise of the Creative Class (2002), for example, explains the crucial importance of the spread of information through weak ties for the facilitation of creativity in the labour sector. This is just a representative of the many contemporary influential theories that build on Granovetters paper. The Strength of Weak Ties contributes to the discussion around the concept of social capital not only by making a clear distinction between different types of ties (as stated above already) but also by showing how weak ties can be a connecting point between leaders and a group and the resulting trust and participation in the leadership and by emphasizing the significance of the spread of information which can ultimately lead to collective action and the involvement of the majority of a society in public matters. Finally, as already shortly mentioned above, Granovetters stress on weak ties does not become outdated by new findings although the publication lays more than 35 years in the past. In contrast, it should acquire even more importance by the introduction of new technologies and online platforms that alleviate the maintenance of a vast number of loose relationships, even bridging great distances. This trend is crucial for understanding nowadays (Western) societies and hence, for many fields of sociology and social sciences. Conclusion Considering the points made above, one can clearly state that the publication is a basic contribution in civic networks theory despite the weaknesses it may have. There are scholars that tend to favour strong ties and disregard the significance of weak ties such as Robert Putnam foremost in his book Bowling Alone (2000). This only makes Granovetters article more important providing an anti-pole to such neglect. Even though there are flaws in the argumentation and the premises on which the approach is built, those are minor ones. Furthermore, Granovetter states himself that his work is a limited, basic one that is a fragment of a theory (p. 1378). He does not claim to offer a comprehensive and elaborated concept that does not need further improvement. As part of a theory and by drawing the attention to an entirely neglected part of human interaction, it paves the way for further research in this direction. Granovetter, hence, managed to contribute greatly to several fields of research and this piece of work will not loose significance in the future as it is the basis further studies and will not be replaced by those.

Flowers For Algernon :: essays research papers

The story Flowers for Algernon depicts the meaning of intelligence in a very deep sense. The narrow definition intelligence is the capacity to learn, to understand, or to deal with new or trying situations. It is a concrete definition in such a way that it also means the ability to apply knowledge to manipulate one’s environment or to think abstractly as measured by objective criteria as tests. Yet the story goes beyond this concrete explanation of what intelligence really is. It shows a whole new perspective of the meaning intelligence. The novel gives a theory of the more intelligent you become the more problems you will obtain. As a result your intellectual growth is going to outstrip your emotional growth. This theory is shown in the novel with Charlie having two growths, intellectual and emotional. These two growths interact by reason of once there is a high intellectual growth that is rapidly out growing, the emotional growth will stay the same or increase at a much lowe r speed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The definition of intelligence that is explained in the book is having certain attributes that help you become a stronger individual. The qualities are having honesty, ethics morals and compassion. One has to achieve this intelligence thoughtlessly; Charlie shows this before he has his operation. By reaching this type of intelligence a person does not have to have a lot knowledge or a high I.Q, but you may reach peace in life by being a spiritually kind person that is previously show in the abstract definition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The only positive effects of the intellectual growth that one can gain is to be able to experience what the concrete definition was like in one’s own personal experience. Yet the negative effects of the operation, which were great, was the intellectual and emotional growth colliding.

Modern Audience Essay

â€Å"It is impossible for a modern audience to feel comfortable with the Taming of The Shrew† with close reference to Shakespeare’s presentation of Katharina, comic conventions and having the above question in mind, write about your response to the ending of the play†¦ In my opinion, The Taming of The Shrew tells the story of an abusive marriage and I would agree with the view that it is impossible for a modern audience to feel comfortable with the play, especially the conclusion of the story. Shakespeare’s presentation of Katharina at the end of the play seems to me to be one of a broken person; she is almost robotic in her obedience and without spirit, except for when singing the praises of wifely submission. â€Å"Thy husband is thy Lord, thy life, thy keeper, thy head, thy sovereign† is a prime example of the disturbing brainwashing Petruchio has carried out on her. This humbled ‘Kate’ is a far cry from the feisty Katharina we are first greeted by in Act 2, where she exchanges a vicious battle of words with Petruchio; â€Å"Asses are made to bear and so are you†. This phrase in itself shows that she is fearless, and defies her society’s conventions, cursing at strangers; a sad contrast to the plays ending, where she has totally conformed to what’s expected of her. The ending of the play also contains very little comedy, with the exception of the argument as to who is the real Vincentio, and the fight between Kate and the Widow. This is because the Taming of the shrew defies most Shakespearian comedy conventions, as the marriage takes place midway the play, rather than at then end as was traditional. I believe that this adds to the discomfort of the modern audience, as after the supposed ‘happy ending’ we are faced with the harsh reality of Petruchio’s treatment of Kate. Shakespeare presents Katharina as completely changed by the end of the play. At first she is wild and seemingly untameable; we see her tie up her sister and argue violently with both Petruchio and her father. â€Å"So may you lose you arms, if you strike me, you are no gentleman, and if no gentleman, why then no arms† Here, Shakespeare presents Katharina as highly skilled with word manipulation, generating humour with her insulting play on words with â€Å"arms† as she brands Petruchio simply a commoner if he would strike her. This is in stark contrast to the ending of the play where she seems to have no free will. She is practically enslaved to Petruchio, agreeing with his every thought and whim. An example of this is Act 4, Scene 5, Petruchio and Kate see Vincentio and Petruchio refers to him as a â€Å"fair and lovely maid†, instructing Kate to â€Å"embrace her for her beauty’s sake†. Shakespeare’s use of a command word clearly shows Petruchio’s power and utter control in their relationship. Vincentio is obviously a man, but despite this, and despite a warning from Hortensio that this pretence will anger Vincentio, â€Å"a will make the man mad, to make a woman of him†, Kate does indeed embrace him for his beauty’s sake; â€Å"Young budding virgin, fair fresh and sweet†. This elaborate language with its piling up of adjectives is an example of hyperbole used for comic effect. It is perhaps also, on a less humorous note, an instance of what many feminists would see as the darker side of The Taming of the Shrew, and the destruction of Katherina’s personality; this is a strong interpretation as she could be seen to be using this elaborate language due to her desperation to please Petruchio or her fear of punishment. Petruchio further exerts his power over Kate by then changing his mind and accusing Kate of madness. â€Å"I hope thou art not mad, this is a man† she readily agrees, ignoring the fact that Petruchio has undermined and humiliated her, and begs for his pardon over her stupidity. This scene is a prime example of the change Petruchio has caused from Katharina to Kate. She is not the character we met in Act 2, and this transformation could be said to be uncomfortable for a modern audience to watch. It is unpleasant to see one human being so completely at the hands of another, and whether this total obedience is due to love, fear or desperation is down to the audience to decide. I think this adds a more disquieting edge to the play as Shakespeare seems to condone Petruchio’s taming, or what most modern audiences would see as abuse. However, some critics, for instance Lucy Bailey, director for the RSC, have stated that the play is a curiously misunderstood love story, not the abusive tale of misogyny some modern audiences would see it as; Bailey says that Petruchio and Kate’s attraction is instant, and that what follows after their first meeting is simply fore-play. Nonetheless, this interpretation is hard to digest in the face of the cruelty Petruchio inflicts on Kate, why would a man in love treat the object of his affections like one of his farm animals? This treatment is particularly shown during Act 4 where Petruchio begins his ‘taming’, he attempts to train Kate as one would train a dog. EXAMPLE. Evaluate language. Other critics have explained this treatment by saying that Petruchio is driven mad by grief after the death of his father he â€Å"takes out his disaffection and anger on other people almost as an experiment.† (Director David Farr) The best example of Shakespeare’s changing presentation of Katharina to Kate can be seen in the final scene, in her speech. She has not spoken for several pages, but then, on Petruchio’s command, launches into the longest speech in the entire play, expelling the virtues of being a good wife. The first reason that most modern audiences would find this scene uncomfortable to watch is the way that Petruchio instructs Kate to â€Å"Tell these headstrong women what duty they do owe to their Lords and husbands†. This phrase itself could be seen to be problematic for modern audiences to digest. In the 21st century, men and women are equal, so the way that Petruchio refers to men as â€Å"Lords†, implies a power and control over women that is uncomfortable for most modern audiences to hear. Shakespeare cleverly prioritises the word Lord over Husband in this line emphasising the debt Petruchio feels women owe their husbands, like peasants owe their Lords. In this statement, Petruchio also uses headstrong as an insult, whereas in modern Britain, although it can have negative connotations, headstrong is often a positive personality attribute, implying one knows ones own mind. The ending of The Taming of the Shrew contains very little comic elements, making it all the more uncomfortable. There is the scene in which Vincentio encounters the pedant impersonating himself . The audience has not seen Kate as impassioned during her speech since she was Katharina; we see some of her old spark when she refers to Bianca and The Widow as â€Å"froward and unable worms†. However, this insult could be seen as a sad reflection of how Petruchio has twisted her feisty nature to suit his own needs. Most modern spectators would see the entire speech as incredibly anti-feminist, and I believe that due to this it is impossible for most modern audiences to feel comfortable with The Taming of The Shrew. Kate suggests women should â€Å"kneel for peace† and â€Å"place your hands below your husband’s foot†. These phrases evoke feelings of servitude and to most modern audiences are difficult to hear. Kate’s ‘realisation’ that women are weak, their â€Å"lances nothing but straws† contrasts to her physical violence at the start of the play where she attacks Petruchio. â€Å"That I’ll try (she strikes him)†. Shakespeare uses regal imagery in this speech to show the total infatuation and obedience Kate feels towards Petruchio. She refers to husbands and ‘Lords’, ‘Sovereigns’, ‘Heads’ and ‘Princes’, and these words show the power Petruchio has over Kate and the power she believes all husbands should have over their wives: one of absolute control, akin to the monarch. Shakespeare’s effective listing of these nouns emphasises Kate’s uncanny passion towards Petruchio and wifely obedience. Similes are also widely used in Kate’s final speech; for example, â€Å"to dart a scornful glance† at ones husband â€Å"blots thy beauty as frosts do bite the meads†. Kate now believes that obedience is beauty, and for most modern audiences who live in a society where independence is valued and celebrated, it is impossible to feel comfortable with these ideas.

Conservation essays

Conservation essays When you think about conservation what do you think about? I think about a better, more beautiful world. Without conservation where would the world be today? I know where we would be. We would be drinking polluted water and breathing polluted air. That is why it is our job and our government job to help conserve this beautiful land that we live in. Conservation is the protection, improvement, and wise use of natural resource to provide the greatest social and economic value for the present and the future. This includes recycling, which has been one of the most successful forms of conservation. With the government insisting that we recycle has done the world a lot of good. With recycling we save trees and natural land. It also frees the world of a lot of trash that has to go somewhere. If we didnt recycle anything there would be more landfills than there is today. Now with recycling there is more natural land that isnt being torn up and having trash dumped into it. I myself hate to see beautiful land go to waste in the form of a landfill. Recycling reduces environmental damage caused by mining, logging and manufacturing raw materials. Recycling reduces the risks of air and water pollution from manufacturing processes. Recycling paper cuts air pollution by 75%. Substituting steel scrap for virgin ore reduces air emi ssions by 85% and water pollution by 76%. Recycling also reduces pollution by keeping materials out of disposable facilities. Recycling is also economical because when you buy recycled goods you pay less than you would for the real thing. Another form conservation of is wildlife conservation. This is my area of expertise because I love to hunt and fish. Wildlife conservation is not only important to hunters and fisherman it should be important to everyone. Over the years the United States has lost over half of its wetlands and every year it continues to loose 170,000 acr ...

Film Analysis on Masculinity Let Me In

Film Analysis on Masculinity Let Me In Introduction Let Me In is an American horror movie that narrates the story about the bullied and reserved boy Owen who meets a girl Abby and develops a friendship; later he finds out that she is a vampire.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Film Analysis on Masculinity: Let Me In specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Owen is very lonely and unhappy because of his parents being divorced and because he does not have friends. He is also harassed by his schoolmates. This is specifically illustrated by the movie scene in the locker room when the main bully Kenny together with this fellows start insulting and beating him claiming that he is not a boy and that he does not swim in the pool because of the fear of being exposed. The scene is quite cruel and realistic as it discloses typical relations between children under the age of twelve where each one wants to prove he is the leader and that he is much stronger than oth ers Respectively, in the scene concerned, the author portrays the characters’ attempts to display their masculinity and prove their superiority and strength. More importantly, the scene presents a wider cultural context depicting typical American school conflicts as well as psychological and gender development where juvenile aggressiveness is the main tool of control and power. In order to render this idea, I need to define the role of cameral angles and light. Then, I will talk about the importance of sound and special effects to disclose the atmosphere of the film. Finally, I am going to define the influence of mis-en-scene to disclose the role of setting and costumes in delivering a wider cultural and social context. Main body Scene Analysis: Discussing Film Language Camera Angles and Light Light and shooting angles are really important for delivering the director’s message. It is obvious that images and words are closely intertwined through connotative and denotati ve meaning where the former specifically refers to an interpretive nature and largely depends on cultural and social contexts rather than on a literal meaning. This is the so-called social dimension of language that is predominantly used in films to render the main author’s idea (Turner 54). While discussing the film language, the author resorts to specific light effects, color, and camera angles to highlight the above-mentioned aspects and deliver a certain message to the viewers. Particular emphasis is placed on light which is quite heavy, dark, and even gripping and which contribute to thrilling and depressing atmosphere presented in the scene.Advertising Looking for critical writing on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Owen is, apparently, weaker; he lies in the middle of the locker room whereas bullies are surrounding him, humiliating and looking at him coldly and aggressively. Perhaps, this aggressiveness and enormous efforts to conceal their feelings and emotions are believed to be the wrong images of masculinity, being the result of improper upbringing and false stereotypes. Camera angles and lightning are one of the part of the film signifying systems that contribute greatly to the meaning and important messages. In the scene, Reeves makes use of all possible signifiers to render the stereotypical atmosphere of school violence. Close-ups disclosing Owen’s frightened expression on his face, embittered tone and evil eyes of Kenny, abrupt knocks by the locker door, and forcing atmosphere created by light and sounding all these are captured for the audience to understand what emotions are endured by the main protagonist. Sound and special effects I would like to mention several important contributions made by sound and special effects. The involvement of sound effects is specifically significant because they contribute greatly to creating a sense of emotional e ngagement of the characters and realistic display of the events. In this respect, sound and music are always combined with language, atmosphere and setting; it is never separated from the main idea and theme of the film (Turner 66). Therefore, sound accompanying verbal language as well as specific effects constructs holistic pictures of movie characters as well as heterogeneity and multidimensional nature of the film (Aumont 159). Referring specifically the described scene, sound adds to the overall depressing atmosphere; it helps characterize the heroes, define the climax of the episode as well as the final outcome. Sound also makes the viewers to empathize with the main hero and predict further development of the scene. What is more, sound enables the audience to understand that the boys’ intentions are evil and that they are going to hurt Owen. Mis-en-scene Setting, lightning, locations allow the viewers to understand the significance of the scene depicted and suspend thei r beliefs about the action taking place.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Film Analysis on Masculinity: Let Me In specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Setting plays an enormous role because it renders specific devices by means of which the text is performed and socialized by actors and director (Pavis 199). While evaluating the scene from these perspectives, particular attention should be given to the set layout, lightning, and props that create a specific mood, underscore characters statuses and positions and reveal a sense of realism (Film Language Glossary n. p.). Locker room is really dark, dim and grey, which enhances the forcing and thrilling atmosphere. Captions also provide a clearer picture of the situation allowing the audience to understand the real intentions of the characters and Owen’s fears (Reeves n. p.). Particular focus is paid to frame composition because it is more reminiscent of a c age where boys are placed within a narrow holding alley and there is no way for Owen to run. Closed space also reinforces the overall thrilling atmosphere. It should be stressed that a film is a sophisticated mixture of signification and its multidimensional meanings and contextual layers are result of this interactions. The desirable effect is possible to achieve by means of conflicting and complementing each part of the system, such as editing, sound, lighting, color, shots, and captions constructing a holistic image and the author’s main message. Each scene is, therefore, is a complicated interaction of these devices entailing the analysis of particular details that contribute to the creation of film language. Disclosing Cultural and Social Context of the Movie In order to achieve the desirable effect and render the main idea of the film, all components of the movie should be combined in a way that the audience could perceive the sense of reality as well as emotions accomp anying the movie characters. All visual and sound representations are also aimed at delivering social and cultural message of the film. In this respect, the scene under analysis is endowed with all necessary features to interpret the message of about the suffering of the victimized boy who is under psychological pressure and who is unable to reveal his real problems to his parents and teacher because of the fear of being misunderstood. The scene under consideration is culturally charged as well; it depicts the concept of juvenile masculinity that is revealed through aggressiveness aimed at suppressing any displays of weakness and emotion. The scene also interprets vices existing in the 80s of the past century when boys strive to independence, power, and possession.Advertising Looking for critical writing on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More All these cultural, psychological, and social problems are possible to conceive from the scene in interest even if without placing it within a film context. According to Turner, â€Å"[t]he complexity of film production makes interpretation†¦essential. We need to†¦scan the frame, hypothesize about the narrative development, speculate on its possible meanings, attempt to gain some mastery over the film as it unfolds†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (73). Judging from this, the concept of masculinity displayed in this film scene is not accidental; it allows the audience to realize the hero’s major concerns and experienced problems and create cultural and social underpinning for explaining and reasoning his further actions. Due to the fact that scenes in the films are not culturally isolated, movies can also be perceived through the prism of intercontexuality (Turner 73). To enlarge on this, the viewers often understand the film text via their own awareness, feelings, and experience. In this respect, the chosen scene also renders conventions of the American schools in the 80s when the moments of school violence are much more understandable to the American audience. What is more important is that the scene also allows the viewers to suspend the reality and feel the atmosphere of the past. Conclusion In conclusion, the film production is a complicated process requiring the director to skillfully combine all visual and aural effects to engage the viewers into the social and cultural meaning of the presented story. The scene chosen for analysis helps the audience to understand the reality of time and space of the event taking place. The concept of masculinity, hence, is revealed through aggressiveness, forcing atmosphere, and character’s superiority over the main hero. The scene also represented a much deeper cultural meaning because it depicts typical American school conflicts where weaker children used to be under psychological and moral pressure and where ag gressiveness and indifference were the main indicators of power. All this is possible to conceive by means of the close-ups, color, setting, lightning, and sound effects that complement the entire scene and make the audience foresee the future development of the events. Aumont, Jacque. Aesthetics of film. US: University of Texas Press, 1992. Print.  Film Language Glossary. SlideShare, inc. 2011. Web. https://www.slideshare.net/nairm/film-language-glossary Pavis, Partice. Analyzing Performance: Theater, Dance, and Film. US: University of Michigan Press, 2003. Print. Reeves, Matt, dir. Let Me In. Hammer Films, 1 Oct. 2010. Film. Turner, Graeme. Film as a Social Practice. London: Routledge, 1999. Print.

Drag Racing as dark play Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Drag Racing as dark play - Research Paper Example The movie shows a delivery driver, Kowalsky, who agrees to take a car to San Francisco from Colorado. Kowasky is shown as an aggressive man who has suffered a lot in life and lost all his loved ones. From flash backs in the movie, the audience is told that life has not been easy on him as he suffered injuries in the war with Vietnam and was also convicted of drug charges after he stopped his partner from committing rape. Tired with life, he hits the road at high speed to take out the frustration he had inside him for so many years. Though his intentions were not to hurt anyone on the road, Kowalsky is portrayed as a rebellious man who is willing to take any challenge as it comes. The police soon learn of a speedy driver on the road and the chase between Kowalsky and police begins. He soon becomes very popular and the media starts reporting him on radio and newspapers. The movie at length shows how he dodges the police and manages to avoid the traps they lay for him. After playing all the catch and mouse game, the man with no purpose in life (Kowalsky) intentionally hits his car against a truck and commits suicide (Berra). When I closely analyzed the movie I penetrated that Kowasky hit the road at high speed least realizing the consequences he would have to face. It was just like a usual task only this one had a little aggressive approach to it. Kowalsky did not intend to gain the attention of the cops when he started his journey and a series of events made him a victim to the police. He was a player who did not know the kind of mess he would get in. His actions were abrupt and though he later knew it could get him in trouble, he cared less for it as he started to relish the moment he was living in. It made him feel important and popular and he was much happier to be in a risky state like this than to play safe in isolation (Berra). Cape fear is a classic example of a movie that psychologically explores the elements of deep play. Directed by Martin Scorsese, the movie shows an attorney, Sam, defending his family from a man he once defended in court. Max Cady, a tattooed, heavy smoker and a drunkard was convicted of rape which he believed he did not commit and was not guilty of the crime. He blamed Sam for his recklessness in handling the case and claimed it was because of him that he had to suffer 14 years in prison. Once out of prison, Max starts to stalk Sam and his family. When Sam gets to know this he looks to take help from the police and gets Max charged for stalking him and his family. This infuriates Max even more and he gets more vengeful than ever. It leads Max to kill one of Sam’s associate with whom Sam had an affair. This leaves Sam with no other option but to vacate his home and live in a place far away from the psychotic killer. But Max however follows him and despite all the protection Sam could provide his family with, Max tries to assault them. It ends up in a mess when max is deceived by Sam’s daughter, who he mistook as an accomplice, and is stabbed by her. In the end Sam manages to get rid of Max by killing him in self defense to protect his family (Chibnall) I analyzed elements of deep play in Max’s character. This movie shows how Max starts with a small crime of stalking that leads to bigger crimes of killing people around him. He did not need to kill Sam’s associate but the vengeance against Sam had crossed all

Medical in the Middle Ages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Medical in the Middle Ages - Essay Example It was in Salerno, for example, that much work was done by academics and others, supported and sponsored by the Church, to articulate for a new age the traits of Hippocratic medicine as a tradition. It is the results of this and other contemporaneous work which exerted great influence on physicians, healers and other medical practitioners until as late as the 19th century (Porter 1998, p. 13).2 Opportunities for a medical education were scarce at the beginning of the High Middle Ages. So-called cathedral universities that offered medical education, such as that of Chartres in France, were an exception. One reason for this seems to be that, because universities during this period generally offered a broad education in the humanities that did not have as a specific objective a curriculum designed to produce professional physicians, the education one could expect differed substantially in nature and content from that which was developed in Salerno from the 11th century onwards (Nutton 1995, p.139). The earliest Salernitan texts used for teaching purposes were the product of many variables, such as the influence of Arab medical knowledge imported into southern Italy by Arab settlers who maintained contact with Byzantium and northern Africa, which combined to infuse a new and more speculative view into medieval medical thought (Nutton 1995, pp.140). Medical education and professional training in the Late Middle Ages was greatly influenced and accelerated by a narrowed focus on medical learning as a discipline, which was adopted by university educators from about 1250 onwards (Nutton 1995, pp. 142-159). One work in particular, Articella, revived interest in and pursuit of the Galenic medical tradition, which built on the earlier Hippocratic works, and for the first time gave university medical educators and practitioners a 'sacred text' by which a physician's professionalism and knowledge could be measured and benchmarked based on his expert comprehension, understanding and application of the series of books that comprised the contents of the Articella compendium (Nutton 1995, p. 142). By holding to an assumption that all disease stems from natural as opposed to supernatural causes, physicians and healers throughout the medieval period, following the Hippocratics who established the tradition long before them during the Hellenic period, appealed to human nature itself for specific natural causes. It is for this reason that the treatise in the Corpus that elaborates the main tenets of Hippocratic medicine most ardently and succinctly is On the Nature of Man (Jones 1923, Volume IV). Medieval medical practitioners, in adopting and using these ideas, sustained the essence of Hippocratic thought by seeking to explain the nature of the human body by direct observation of it followed by systematic analysis of this observation. Medieval physicians and other medical practitioners used the precepts presented in the Hippocratic treatise, On the Nature of Man, to treat their patients (Nutton 1995, pp. 175-183). It is in this text that the theory of the four humors is discussed in detail, relating that the human body is comprised of blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile